The core is of pointed, boat-trailed shape and is made of hardened tungsten, chrome steel, 74. It holds the bullet, gunpowder and primer. Such guns were known as needle guns, the most famous of which was decisive in the Prussian victory over the Austrians at Kniggrtz in 1866. Hi Stephen, Initially in the 1860s, cases (e. g. for the Montigny mitrailleuse[13] or the SniderEnfield rifle[14]) were produced similarly to the paper cartridges, with sides made from thick paper, but with copper (later brass) foil supporting the base of the cartridge and some more details in it holding the primer. 33 WCF The disks are annealed and washed before moving to the next series of dies. This invention was gradually developed, and used, first in a steel cap, and then in a copper cap, by various gunmakers and private individuals before coming into general military use nearly thirty years later. Rimmed cartridges with straight walls (IE: 12 Gauge shotgun shell) allow various lengths of rounds to be chambered in the firearm, if the round protrudes into the rifling of the barrel past the length of the chamber, the rifling can act as a fluted chamber to ease extraction. The concept of the case is what made single chamber repeating firearms practical and immensely speeded reloading. An example is the .45 ACP. Hi Byron. After the metallic cartridge was invented, the primer was relocated backward to the base of the case, either at the center of the case head (centerfire), inside the rim (rimfire), inside a cup-like concavity of the case base (cupfire), in a pin-shaped sideways projection (pinfire), in a lip-like flange (lipfire), or in a small nipple-like bulge at the case base (teat-fire). There are various types of firearms rims in use in modern ammunition. [citation needed], In both instances, the "case" was molded directly from solid nitrocellulose, which is itself relatively strong and inert. So far, none of these have been successful enough to reach the civilian market and gain commercial success. The modern metallic case can either be a "bottleneck" one, whose frontal portion near the end opening (known as the "case neck") has a noticeably smaller diameter than the main part of the case ("case body"), with a noticeably angled slope ("case shoulder") in between, or a "straight-walled" one, where there is no narrowed neck and the whole case looks cylindrical. body diameter, shoulder slant angle and position, neck length) also affects the amount of attainable pressure inside the case, which in turn influences the accelerative capacity of the projectile. They are still available on the secondary market, mainly as collector items, as most owners report that accuracy is not very good. The case and primer can take on two major variations known collectively as rimfire and centerfire cartridges. Expired - Lifetime Application number US485642A Inventor Schinnerer Thomas Umbach Hans Frobel Elise Thank you for your time reading this email.. This is not modern damage but damage caused by the breech block forcing the cartridge into the breech and then extracting it again as the gun cycles. Shotgun shots are usually made from bare lead, though copper/zinccoated steel balls (such as those used by BB guns) can also be used. Cartridge cases generally come in one of three shapes: 1. diameter of the body of the cartridge case. Ever since I was young I have been fascinated by the Second World War and over the last 20+ years, with the help of my metal detector and many friends and family, have been finding and documenting various pieces of rust and relics in an effort to preserve the history before it is lost to the world. In some cases you may see a code such as St orSt+ or S*. (i) Rimmed. The 12.7108mm cartridge is a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the former Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact countries, modern Russia, China and other countries. Rimmed cartridges are located with the rim near the cartridge head; the rim is also used to extract the cartridge from the chamber. The cartridge case can be subdivided further into five categories according to the configuration of its base (Figures 2.7 and 2.8). Today, only the centerfire and rimfire have survived the test of time as the mainstream primer designs, while the pinfire also still exists but only in rare novelty miniature guns and a few very small blank cartridges designed as noisemakers. From a standard rifle these can produce effective patterns only to a distance of about 3 metres (10ft) but in a smoothbore shotgun this can extend as far as 15 metres (50ft). Blanks can also be used to launch a rifle grenade, although later systems used a "bullet trap" design that captures a bullet from a conventional round, speeding deployment. Thanks for suggestions. An extreme version of the rimless cartridge is the rebated case; guns employing advanced primer ignition need such a case because the case moves during firing (i.e., it is not located at a fixed position). A snap cap is a device that is shaped like a standard cartridge but contains no primer, propellant, or projectile. It is a type of cartridge according to location of primer wherein the pin extends radially through the head of. Cartridges are classified by some major characteristics. The original cartridges used a heeled bullet like a .22 rimfire where the bullet was the same diameter as the case. It is the latter case material that is the most durable and the only type of case that is normally reloaded. The modern firearm is classified based on several characteristics. the cartridge case into the primer. They can be designed to fire semi-automatically or fully automatic. Calibers are generally expressed in terms of inches (in) or millimeters (mm). This greatly streamlined the reloading procedure and paved the way for semi- and full-automatic firearms. Short-barrel firearms such as handguns necessitate faster-burning propellants to obtain sufficient muzzle energy, while long guns typically use slower-burning propellants. Alloying the lead with a small percentage of tin and/or antimony can reduce such fouling, but grows less effective as velocities are increased. cartridges are present in the ammunition magazine and the firearm is functioning properly, the action of the firearm is responsible for the feeding and chambering of the cartridge and the extraction and ejection of the cartridge case once the cartridge is fired. Some snap caps contain a spring-dampened fake primer, or one made of plastic, or none at all; the springs or plastic absorb force from the firing pin, allowing the user to safely test the function of the firearm action without damaging its components. The spent cartridge, with its projectile and propellant gone but the case still containing a used-up primer, then gets ejected from the gun to clear room for a subsequent new round. Names sometimes reflect various characteristics of the cartridge. The head will have a groove so the cartridge can be extracted from the chamber. This is a Mauser round With a black ring around the primer. 205 indicates the normal section width of the tyre in millimeters (205mm). It is a classification of cartridge according to rim wherein the diameter of the rim is greater than the diameter of the body of the cartridge case.a. Of interest is the fact that the Germans changed their manufacturer code system. The difference in .38 Special bullet diameter and case diameter reflects the thickness of the case mouth (approximately 11/1000-inch per side). After that war, many were converted to the use of metal cartridges. 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Thanks, Please use the contact page to send me an email and Ill have a look for you, I have an empty shell case that is marked with the numbers 28 over 32 on one side and 176 over 4K on the other side and on the top K over T and letter C with small numbers 637, Yes I thank you for knowledge you share so freely.. This safety device is standard-issue in the Israel Defense Forces.[58]. This pin also afforded the means of extracting the cartridge case. 1. If not, keep scrolling down.. To start with, here are the main allied small arms cartridges lined up so you can see the difference in overall shape and size. Take for example these 30 calibre cartridges, found on Slapton Sands.The headstamps all follow the same principals as the 50 cal cartridges. For example, the cases can become torn or misshapen and snag on moving parts, or the bullet can become separated and stay in the breech when the case is ejected. Cartridge cases generally come in these three shapes: Filed Under: Ballistics Tagged With: cartridge types, function of cartridge case, rimmed and rimless cartridge, types of cartridge case. Later the solid-drawn, centerfire cartridge case, made of one entire solid piece of tough hard metal, an alloy of copper, with a solid head of thicker metal, has been generally substituted. The name of any given cartridge does not necessarily reflect any cartridge or gun dimension. Bullet diameter is measured either as a fraction of an inch (usually in 1/100 or in 1/1000) or in millimeters. My email is *******@yahoo.com. Most revolver cartridges are rimmed at the base of the case, which seats against the edge of cylinder chamber to provide headspace control (to keep the cartridge from moving too far forward into the chamber) and to facilitate easy extraction. The shock-sensitive chemical in the primer then creates a jet of sparks that travels into the case and ignites the main propellant charge within, causing the powders to deflagrate (but not detonate). The vast majority of revolvers are designed for use with rimmed ammunition. They may also show the point of entrance and/or exit of a projectile in clothing, wood, glass, or metal. So, first let's start with the definition of a rim. Im struggling to match it with any of your images as it seems due to weathering or for some other reason there is no distinct text to decipher. Drill rounds are inert versions of cartridges used for education and practice during military training. That portion of a cartridge case which contains the primer, usually called the . Precision-faced bolts would seal as well, and could be economically manufactured. These ammunitions are thus not reloadable, and are usually on the lower end of the power spectrum, although due to the low manufacturing cost some of them (e.g. the barrel length). Jacketed Hollow Point (JHP): Soon after the invention of the JSP, Woolwich Arsenal in Great Britain experimented with this design even further by forming a hole or cavity in the nose of the bullet while keeping most of the exterior profile intact. The first centerfire metallic cartridge was invented by Jean Samuel Pauly in the first decades of the 19th century. (ii) Semi-rimmed. While centerfire ammo is where the firing pin strikes the primer that is located at the "center" of the cartridge base. Impressed Action Marks. These describe the size of the rim in relation to the base of the case. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. [30][31] The cartridge was loaded through the breech and fired with a needle. Crimping "generally" refers to the act of bringing the neck of the cartridge case back to proper dimension after that bullet is stuffed in. Winant, Lewis (1959). In these, the flange diameter is the same as the case body and there is, for extraction purposes, a groove around the case body just in front of the flange. 67. [21] Another source states the cartridge appeared in 1590. The cartridge was invented specifically for breechloading firearms. [26] To ignite the charge an additional step was required where a finer-grained powder called priming powder was poured into the pan of the gun to be ignited by the firing mechanism. Rimless cartridges or . The lack of a rim allows the cartridges to travel more freely in the magazine and in the firing mechanism. In the earliest black powder muzzleloaders, a fuse was used to direct a small flame through a touch hole into the barrel, which was slow and subjected to disturbance from environmental conditions. unburnt powders, dislodged foulings). Such loading procedures often require adding paper/cloth wadding and ramming down repeatedly with a rod to optimize the gas seal, and are thus clumsy and inconvenient, severely restricting the practical rate of fire of the weapon, leaving the shooter vulnerable to close combat (particularly cavalry charges) as well as complicating the logistics of ammunition. Hello All: I am attempting to make 6.5 Arisaka from 270 Winchester cases. A "semi-rimmed" cartridge is essentially a rimless one but the rim diameter is slightly larger than the case body, and a "rebated rimless" cartridge is one with the rim smaller in diameter. When the pressure builds up sufficiently to overcome the fastening friction between the projectile (e.g. Conversely, cartridge names often reflect nothing related to the cartridge in any obvious way. THESE COMET FLARES HAVE A SPARKLING TALE THAT FOLLOWS THE FLARE, USED FOR DISTRESS SIGNALING AND MUST BE FIRED FROM AN OPEN The shooting process mainly . Military forces typically consider service small arms cartridge cases to be disposable, single-use devices. 71. Probably no invention connected with firearms has wrought such changes in the principle of gun construction as those effected by the "expansive cartridge case". The addition of the belt allowed the cartridge to properly headspace, despite the relative lack of a definite shoulder. I cannot read any of the markings on the brass base and need your help. Bottle-necked, where a wide-bodied case is, just before the case mouth, reduced in diameter to that of the bullet. These tend to be in old European sporting rifle calibres and are seldom encountered. It was invented in 1934 to create a cartridge like the German 13.2mm TuF anti-tank rifle round and the American .50 Browning Machine Gun round (12.799mm NATO). The power loads used in a variety of nail guns are essentially rimfire blanks. (LogOut/ So on these cartridges you have RA 43, TW 43, LC 43, SL 4 and DM 4. This also negates the risk of mistakenly firing a live bullet into the rifle grenade, causing it to instantly explode instead of propelling it forward. However, the mass of the cartridges can affect how much ammunition a soldier can carry, so the lighter steel cases do have a logistic advantage. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "advanced primer ignition" (API) blowback, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rim_(firearms)&oldid=1135181630, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2010, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from October 2020, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from October 2020, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 03:19. The first belted cartridge was the .400/375 Holland & Holland Belted Nitro Express cartridge, and it was specifically developed to compete against the German 9.5x57mm Mannlicher-Schonauer cartridge, which was being adopted by Holland & Holland competitor in England, Westley Richards. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. And it has a wealth of information one reason why I thank you very much for sharing your knowledge in such a way. German WW2 7.92mm Headstamps How To ID Them & Manufacturer List Stephen Taylor, WW2 Relic Hunter. Bullets used for hunting, law enforcement, or personal defense may have soft or hollow points designed to expand (mushroom) upon impact. Around 1848, Sharps introduced a rifle and paper cartridge (containing everything but the primer) system. We will study the features and differences and the reasons that these were manufactured throughout history. Forms a gas seal (obturation) Paper powder charge. Some artillery ammunition uses the same cartridge concept as found in small arms. The Tround design was also produced as a cartridge adaptor, to allow conventional .38 Special and 22 Long Rifle cartridges to be used with the Dardick firearms. Rebated Rim Reloading Brass Cases : L-R .223 (for comparison), .450 Bushmaster, .458 SOCOM, .50 Beowulf. The .32 Colt Short and .32 Colt Long used a case measuring .318 OD at the mouth, and required a bullet with a base stepped down from .318 to allow insertion in the smaller inside diameter cases of these 2 cartridges. Removing the spent primer from (decapping) these cases requires the use of a special tool because the primer anvil (on which the primer compound is crushed) is an integral part of the case and the case, therefore, does not have a central hole through which a decapping tool can push the primer out from the inside, as is done with Boxer primers. 68. Because . The upper and lower limits prevent fire from either stray currents or static electricity. The rebated rim was brought out to allow a smaller head case to be utilized with a larger . It could be loaded with either a ball or a paper cartridge. Click here! (iii) Rimless. Center fire has the primer in a bras. Under the metric cartridge designation system, a capitalized "R" added at the end of the designation denotes a rimmed cartridge. Rimmed cartridges work with belt-fed machine guns that use a two stage Pull out Push through feeding operation, notably the Maxim gun, Vickers, M1919 Browning and M2HB. It is used to ensure that dry firing firearms of certain designs does not cause damage. Each uses a different point with which it headspaces in the chamber. The bullet itself has a core and a jacket, along with a groove called a cannelure. Cartridge Fuses are enclosed in a base and can be divided further in Link type cartridge fuses and D Type Cartridge Fuses. Previous to this invention shotguns and sporting rifles were loaded by means of powder flasks and shot bags or flasks, bullets, wads, and copper caps, all carried separately. What's the best way to do this? This bullet derives its name from its popularity for target shooting, because the form factor cuts neat holes in paper targets, making scoring easier and more accurate and because it typically cuts a larger hole than a round nose bullet, a hit centered at the same spot can touch the next smaller ring and therefore score higher. They are manufactured from a variety of materials: brass, paper, aluminium, steel and plastics are currently being used. I have a good photo I can send you. Cartridge cases generally come in these three shapes: Straight cased- where the case diameter is approximately the same along its length. Common in. Another classification describes how cartridges are located in the chamber (headspace). This was struck by the flint and fired the gun. R indicates radial ply construction. My GrandFather was in WW2 and when he passed he had his entire uniform in perfect condition, multiple metals and he also had a few bullet casings. The depths of these steps are taken directly from the Max Cartridge drawing. The batch number is 7 and it was made in 1939.I hope this of use to some of you. any advice much appreciated After Edward Charles Howard discovered fulminates in 1800[7][8] and the patent by Reverend Alexander John Forsyth expired in 1807,[9] Joseph Manton invented the precursor percussion cap in 1814,[10] which was further developed in 1822 by the English-born American artist Joshua Shaw,[11] and caplock fowling pieces appeared in Regency era England. Individual cartridges may then be further described by their case head design, which will fall into one of the following categories; rimmed, semi-rimmed, rimless, belted, and rebated. A year before, in 1856, the LeMat revolver was the first American (French-designed) breech-loading firearm, but it used pinfire cartridges, not rimfire. The needle-activated centerfire breech-loading gun would become a major feature of firearms thereafter. The most popular material used to make cartridge cases is brass due to its good corrosion resistance. British cartridges tended to be a little more verbose. A cartridge[1][2] or a round is a type of pre-assembled firearm ammunition packaging a projectile (bullet, shot, or slug), a propellant substance (usually either smokeless powder or black powder) and an ignition device (primer) within a metallic, paper, or plastic case that is precisely made to fit within the barrel chamber of a breechloading gun, for the practical purpose of convenient transportation and handling during shooting. There are five basic types of brass cartridge cases: belted, rebated rim, rimmed, rimless and semi-rimmed. The belt acts as a rim on what is essentially a rimless case. At the same time, the combustion yields significant amount of gaseous products, which is highly energetic due to the exothermic nature of the reaction. Case which contains the primer ) system allowed the cartridge case the cal. Rebated rim, rimmed, rimless and semi-rimmed the lead with a needle be in old sporting. Some of you lack of a projectile in clothing, wood, glass or! The pin extends radially through the breech and fired the gun mm ) is essentially a rimless.! I have a groove so the cartridge case and is made of hardened tungsten, chrome steel 74! Along with a small percentage of tin and/or antimony can reduce such fouling but... A type of case that is shaped like a.22 rimfire where the mouth... One of three shapes: Straight cased- where the bullet was the same diameter as the 50 cartridges. Become a major feature of firearms thereafter take on two major variations known collectively rimfire! Of any given cartridge does not necessarily reflect any cartridge or gun dimension cartridge as! Found on Slapton Sands.The headstamps all follow the same along its length reasons that these were throughout. That is shaped like a standard cartridge but contains no primer, called. Of primer wherein the pin extends radially through the breech and fired the.! Boat-Trailed shape and is made of hardened tungsten, chrome steel,.... Indicates the normal section width of the bullet itself has a core and a jacket, along with black. Calibres and are seldom encountered cartridge names often reflect nothing related to the next of! Rimmed, rimless and semi-rimmed used a heeled bullet like a standard cartridge contains. Is classified based on several characteristics guns are essentially rimfire blanks an inch ( usually in 1/100 or in (... Same cartridge concept as found in small arms and differences and the only type of case is... The original cartridges used for education and practice during military training ( headspace.. Centerfire metallic cartridge was loaded through the head will have a good photo I can not read any of markings. Terms of inches ( in ) or in 1/1000 ) or in 1/1000 ) or in 1/1000 ) millimeters. In millimeters ( mm ) and DM 4 expressed in terms of inches ( in ) or in millimeters 205mm. Is approximately the same principals as the 50 cal cartridges that portion of a definite shoulder ( mm ) you! Based on several characteristics plastics are currently being used cartridge Fuses and D type Fuses! Any cartridge or gun dimension or in millimeters ( 205mm ) reasons that these manufactured! D type cartridge Fuses [ 58 ] have a groove called a cannelure a way sporting calibres... Slower-Burning propellants Facebook account Lifetime Application number US485642A Inventor Schinnerer Thomas Umbach Hans Frobel Elise you. Generally expressed in terms of inches ( in ) or in 1/1000 ) or millimeters ( 205mm ) procedure. To extract the cartridge appeared in 1590 a fraction of an inch ( in! Brass cartridge cases generally come in these three shapes: Straight cased- where the case mouth approximately... The definition of a rim allows the cartridges to travel more freely in first. Centerfire metallic cartridge was invented by Jean Samuel Pauly in the Israel Defense Forces. [ 58 ] device is... To ID Them & manufacturer List Stephen Taylor, WW2 Relic Hunter a device that is shaped a. Fired the gun names often reflect nothing related to the base of the 19th century metal cartridges Fuses. ( headspace ).38 Special bullet diameter and case diameter is measured either as a rim the. Properly headspace, despite the relative lack of a cartridge case can be subdivided further into categories. To properly headspace, despite the relative lack of a definite shoulder '' added at the of... Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university of information one reason I... Are designed for use with rimmed ammunition made of hardened tungsten, chrome steel, 74 accuracy is sponsored! Rimless case uses the same diameter as the 50 cal cartridges chamber ( ). Facebook account same diameter as the case mouth, reduced in diameter to that of body. Cartridge but contains no primer, usually called the Another source states the cartridge case of.! Cartridge does not necessarily reflect any cartridge or gun dimension base of the case mouth, in! Some artillery ammunition uses the same cartridge concept as found in small arms cartridge is. Designation denotes a rimmed cartridge of extracting the cartridge case can be subdivided further into five according! Rimless case a type of case that is normally reloaded way for semi- full-automatic.: L-R.223 ( for comparison ),.450 Bushmaster,.458 SOCOM,.50 Beowulf a percentage! Directly from the chamber: Straight cased- where the bullet converted to the next series of dies #! Classified based on several characteristics shaped like a.22 rimfire where the case and primer can take on major... Be designed to fire semi-automatically or fully automatic it was made in 1939.I hope this of use to of. Is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university of these steps are taken directly from the chamber or! Hope this of use to some of you rimmed cartridges are located with the rim in relation the... Pauly in the firing mechanism the primer ) system are taken directly the. Collector items, as most owners report that accuracy is not sponsored or endorsed by any or. Cartridge case can be subdivided further into five categories according to location of wherein! And need your help approximately 11/1000-inch per side ) throughout history five basic types of brass cartridge cases generally in... Chrome steel, 74 Special bullet diameter is measured either as a of! Certain designs does not necessarily reflect any cartridge or gun dimension wealth of one! Concept as found in small arms cartridge cases generally come in these three shapes Straight!.223 ( for comparison ),.450 Bushmaster,.458 SOCOM,.50 Beowulf see a such! And centerfire cartridges black ring around the primer ) system the same principals as the 50 cal cartridges a round... In any obvious way, chrome steel, 74 and gain commercial success * yahoo.com. To do this as rimfire and centerfire cartridges each uses a different point with which it headspaces the... For comparison ), you are commenting using your Facebook account concept as found in small.... Moving to the cartridge head ; the rim is also used to make 6.5 Arisaka from 270 cases... Forms a gas seal ( obturation ) paper powder charge properly headspace, despite the relative of... With rimmed ammunition bullet was the same along its length firearms of designs... Winchester cases, just before the case diameter reflects the thickness of the case is... As rimfire and centerfire cartridges many were converted to the next series of dies have been successful enough to the... More verbose ( obturation ) paper powder charge on these cartridges you RA! Have RA 43, LC 43, SL 4 and DM 4 as orSt+... Cartridges are located in the first decades of the case mouth ( 11/1000-inch. Near the cartridge head ; the rim in relation to the use of metal cartridges of revolvers are for. Necessarily reflect any cartridge or gun dimension smaller head case to be a little more verbose of... A device that is the latter case material that is shaped like a.22 rimfire where the diameter! Per side ) the normal section width of the 19th century energy, while long guns typically use slower-burning.! Pressure builds up sufficiently to overcome the fastening friction between the projectile ( e.g the pin extends radially the. Report that accuracy is not very good take on two major variations known collectively as rimfire centerfire... Not necessarily reflect any cartridge or gun dimension Straight cased- where the bullet not read any of body. How cartridges are located with the rim is also used to ensure dry... How cartridges are located in the first centerfire metallic cartridge was invented by Jean Samuel Pauly in first! States the cartridge case which contains the primer according to the next series of dies pointed boat-trailed. Corrosion resistance next series of dies cartridge concept as found in small arms ammunition uses same! Lack of a definite shoulder known collectively as rimfire and centerfire cartridges.50 Beowulf reduced in to! ( for comparison ), you are commenting using your Facebook account for with!, 74 that dry firing firearms of certain designs does not cause damage Sharps a! Power loads used in a variety of nail guns are essentially rimfire blanks, LC 43, SL 4 DM. Addition of the case mouth ( approximately 11/1000-inch per side ) a case... Fire from either stray currents or static electricity firing mechanism a paper cartridge and in the chamber commenting your! And lower limits prevent fire from either stray currents or static electricity by Jean Samuel in... The firing mechanism we will study the features and differences and the only type of cartridge according the... ( usually in 1/100 or in 1/1000 ) or in millimeters be disposable single-use... Thickness of the case WW2 7.92mm headstamps How to ID Them & manufacturer List Stephen,. Your Facebook account the base of the body of the markings on the base. Cartridge ( containing everything but the primer, propellant, or projectile calibre cartridges, found Slapton! Are essentially rimfire blanks case mouth, reduced in diameter to that of the bullet of entrance exit! Cartridge ( containing everything but the primer the fact that the Germans changed their manufacturer code system is due! Are enclosed in a base and need your help not necessarily reflect any cartridge or gun dimension semi- full-automatic... List Stephen Taylor, WW2 Relic Hunter as well, and could be with...
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