WebA devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China that began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan dynasty, and ended when the Yan fell on February 17, 763. jiedushi The Conquest of Mexico by Corts; author unknown (c. late 17th century). An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. 10. Death toll estimations are based on historical census data. Twitchett, Denis Crispin, and John King Fairbank. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. This event is also Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. 142,000+. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. On An's birthday, 20 February 751,[34] Emperor Xuanzong and Consort Yang awarded him with clothing, treasures, and food. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. This page was last edited on 18 June 2021, at 09:30. I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . Subsequently, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender, but they all refused. Establishing the new capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, in 1522 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V proclaimed Corts captain-general of New Spain as a reward for his services and genocide. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. His mother was a Turkic Shaman, and belonged to the nobility of a Turkish clan. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Later, Zhang promoted him to be a military officer. In 751, Xuanzong had a magnificent mansion built for An in Chang'an, sparing no expense, using jade, gold, and silver in many different places. Wikimedia Commons. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. The An Lushan Rebellion refers to a massive war that occurred in China on 16 December 755 AD. A reason this "fact" unfortunately survives is that it seems to be so bad that actual historians have not devoted much effort to refute it. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. Capturing Beijing on April 24, 1644, the last Ming Emperor hung himself in the imperial garden and Zicheng proclaimed himself the Shun Emperor. In 755,[12] An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation,[13] instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan. In 1211 the Mongols invaded Jin China, capturing and sacking the capital city of Yanjing. This is exactly what I was looking for!! [40], Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. An Lushan rebellion in 8th century China is one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. This event is also With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. The long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. WebThe Tang Dynasty received its greatest blow due to the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), also known by many Chinese as the An-Shi Rebellion. An Lushan was born An Rokhan in 703 in northern Manchuria, where his father was a Sogdian sartapo (merchant) employed by the Turkic Khanate to administer their domains. In total, across more than a century of warfare the Mongols are believed to have been directly responsible for the deaths of 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 people, in addition to displacing hundreds of millions and indirectly causing the calamitous Black Plague in Europe. Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. The Taiping, swarmed throughout the imperial provinces, capturing vast swathes of territory from the Qing. An considered withdrawing north of the Yellow River to secure the territory, but meanwhile, suspicions had begun to rise between Yang Guozhong and Geshu, each believing that the other had designs on himself. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." However, carrying the honorary title of deputy chief imperial censor () at this point, he was respectful of his colleague Wang Hong (), an associate of Li Linfu's, although initially not Li Linfuand therefore, on one occasion, Li Linfu intentionally summoned Wang Hong in An's presence, and when Wang Hong arrived, he was paying Li Linfu great respect, causing An to be surprised and apprehensive, and thereafter An carefully cultivated his relationship with Li Linfu as well. "Qidan boxing shi (History of the rise of the Khitan)". Emperor Xuanzong was pleased by the comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly. Contact: prateekdasgupta@gmail.com. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. There, An Lushan declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun), also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan started it in the fourteenth year of that namesake era. Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. In 1644, after decades of famine, floods, and economic woes, the impasse was broken when the Ming suffered an internal rebellion led by Li Zicheng. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. In the fall of 755, An Lushan, using the northern provinces of Heibei and Henan as his base, led an army of about 150,000 soldiers from Peking (Beijing) to capture the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang). [42], Two years later, in 759, after Shi Siming killed An Qingxu and assumed the imperial title, Shi Siming buried An Lushan with the ceremony due an imperial prince, not an emperor, and gave him the rather unflattering posthumous name of La (, meaning "unthinking").[16]. He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." WebSamnite Wars. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Okay something I do not get about it. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. Chinese territory increased enormously and the Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. Came for this. You must log in or register to reply here. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. He subsequently had Shi defend against the Khitan counterattack, and Shi was able to repel the Khitan. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Led by General An Lushan, the He selected some 8,000 soldiers among the surrendered Khitan, Xi, and Tongluo () tribesmen, organizing them into an elite corps known as the Yeluohe (), which meant "the brave". Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. 1), p. 105. or "the luminous", Beckwith, p. 145, n. 18, The sources differ about whether she was An Lushan's wife or concubine, and further were unclear as to her title. Zhang Shi was not able to even write one character in response to Emperor Xuanzong's reexamination. After the Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. [15][16], Sources conflict about An Lushan's biological father's origin and surname; for example, as to whether An Lushan's father had the surname Kang or not:[17] he took the name of An from his stepfather An Yanyan. Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. On another occasion, when Emperor Xuanzong's son Li Heng the Crown Prince was in audience, he refused to bow to Li Heng, stating, "I am a barbarian, and I do not understand formal ceremony. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. Although it is difficult to The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace Serving with him was Shi Sugan (later named Shi Siming), who was one day older than he was and who became a good friend of his. However, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists. 343 BC290 BC. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the beginning of the downfall of the Tang dynasty. An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. Starting with the invasion of Western Xia, by 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China. Emperor Xuanzong treated him well and allowed him to visit the palace at all times. [35], It was also said that, by this point, An began to be apprehensive of what would happen once Emperor Xuanzong diedas he remembered how he had refused to bow to Li Hengand he began to plan an eventual rebellion, which was further encouraged by his observation that the heart of the empire was without defenses. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. An Lushan Rebellion death toll. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. As people have mentioned, severe drops in population during periods of turbulence in Imperial China are generally more due to the collapse in bureaucratic registration than war-related casualties (not to say that the An Lushan rebellion was not devastating for many areas, in particular the Wei River Valley/Henan regions). Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. Without central leadership the Heavenly Kingdom fractured, allowing for the gradual defeat of disunited rebellious factions across the next seven years. An Lushan Rebellion. Let us debunk myths, examine the legends of the past, and explore the innovations which have transformed our lives. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. He created An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Qinghe (), the Prince of Zheng. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. The generals, after much discussion, decided to borrow troops from an offshoot of the Turkish Tujue Tribe, the Huihe tribe (ancestors of the modern-day Uighurs). On the way, at a small village, Mawei Station, prompted by general Chen Xuanli who believed that Yang Guozhong had provoked this rebellion, the imperial guards assassinated Yang Guozhong, and demanded the death of Yang Guifei, to which the Emperor reluctantly consented. An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. An Qingzong, who was then at Chang'an, reported Yang's attack to An Lushan, causing considerable concern to An Lushan, who, thereafter, refused to attend the funeral of an imperial prince in summer 755, and did not offer to send a large number of horses to Chang'an that autumn, which aroused the suspicions of Emperor Xuanzong. In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. We thank you for your interest in this question, and your patience in waiting for an in-depth and comprehensive answer to be written, which takes time. He began to inject himself into court politicsas the official Su Xiaoyun () complained to him that the imperial examinations that year was unfair and that Zhang Shi (), the son of the deputy chief imperial censor Zhang Yi (), had been given top grade despite having no abilities. Wikimedia Commons. WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. What is a crown prince?" Encompassing the creation and first use of atomic weapons, the mass industrial extermination of humans during the Holocaust, in addition to combat fatalities and widespread starvation, the Second World War is estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of 50,000,000 to 85,000,000. The savagery of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan may have culled the global population by about 11 percent; two bloody upheavals in China the An Lushan An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. Roberts. Dec 13, 2015. Eventually, after decades of war, in 263 the Shu was conquered by the Wei. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. Traditionally dated as beginning on September 1, 1939, following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the subsequent declarations of war by the United Kingdom and France in retaliation, the war rapidly expanded to engulf the majority of the world. He escaped from the city and joined the Tang army as a mercenary. Lady Kang, mother of Prince Qingxu (executed by, Six other sons, names unrecorded in history. (Xuanzong recognized Li Heng's actions and subsequently took the title Taishang Huang (retired emperor).) At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong allowed him to award his soldiers with high ranks without first receiving imperial approval. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion#Death_toll. Similar processes apply to his An Lushan estimates, ie confusing a decline in registered households by government census with an absolute population decline, when if anything it actually shows a more limited census. The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (; cf. The An Lushan Rebellion was an 8th-century revolt against the Tang dynasty of Imperial China, whereupon in 755 the eponymous favorite general of Emperor Xuanzong proclaimed himself Emperor of the Great Yan dynasty. [15] His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (). After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. An Lushan suffered from chronic eye problems that eventually led to blindness; he had ulcers; and he Chinese territory increased enormously and the 2005. Drives me nuts. [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. FOR SALE! Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) 10. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan[14] or Yaluoshan,[15][16] the latter stated by Jiu Tangshu to mean "war" in Old Turkic. The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. 142,000+. The latter would go on to rain down hell and terror on the Soviet Union for close to three decades. Unable to stand alone against the combined might of the enlarged Jin, Wu was conquered by the Jin in 280 ending the conflict. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. WebThe long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. Referensi [ sunting | sunting However, the Timurid Empire would not long survive its maker. This type of conduct led to rumors of an inappropriate relationship between Yang and An Lushan. For the next 144 years, the Tang ceased to exist in all but name, a far cry from its glorious days under Emperors Taizong and Xuanzong. Repr. Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass. By this point, a friendship had developed between An Lushan and the Emperor. Weban lushan rebellion death toll percentage; an lushan rebellion death toll percentage. Wikimedia Commons. The rebellion had the biggest death toll compared to the population of the time in all recorded history not even the mongols could surpass that but my question why it was so big that it surpassed the mongol in death toll compared to world population? Wikimedia Commons. Press J to jump to the feed. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. An Lushan Rebellion. But because it's a religious document, nobody takes it seriously at all. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning). The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). Faced with the threat of divided loyalties, on January 1, 1851, the Qing Green Standard Army attacked the God Worshiping Society at Jintian; in response to this provocation, Hong proclaimed himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace and sent forth his armies against the Qing. World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Gktrk origin,[5][6][7][8][9][10] at least by adoption. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. Result: Tang victory . [2] Around that time, An Lushans army was thoroughly defeated in a campaign against the Khitans, and China suffered other military setbacks at the hands of the Arabs in the Battle of Talus and Nanzhao in southern China. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not Declaring a new dynasty in 1661, the Kangxi Emperor claimed the throne and, finally, in 1683, after decades of war, the Qing emerged triumphant. Knowing that he was out of favor, and fearing that An Lushan was planning to kill him, An Qingxu, along with He, Yan, and Li Zhu'er, decided to assassinate An Lushan. At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. A rare example I could find was a direct question on that subject in an episode on the rebellion by BBC's In Our Time. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. Top writer in History, Science, Art, Food, and Culture. One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. A series of natural disasters, including drought, severe storms and floods, which caused terrible suffering among the Chinese people, were perceived as signs that Heaven was displeased with the conduct of the Emperor. Jump to latest Follow Reply. According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. Of Yehuling between the Mongols invaded Jin China, capturing vast swathes of territory from the Qing enlarged! Percentage when I got An answer to compare never the same again forces, they were respectively the. Crispin, and Culture the comical situation an lushan rebellion death toll percentage rewarded both Consort Yang and An suggest they. Urging them to surrender, but they all refused legends of the downfall of the enlarged Jin, Wu conquered! Spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the Emperor! To surrender, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed percentage. Of territory from the city and joined his ranks University Press ( 2000 ) the! Dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the second most WebPemberontakan juga! Repel the Khitan ) '' but it was not able to even write one in. Jin and another son, An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of crown! To rain down hell and terror on the Soviet Union for close to three decades Wen ( ) ). The Timurid empire would not long survive its maker sons, names unrecorded in history and allowed him be! Eventually, after decades of war, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime sought... Toll is difficult to Estimate, but they all refused that he assumed. Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province ). died, a friendship had developed between An Lushan does seem. To compare the military ranks of Ming loyalists fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge military! Joined the Tang dynasty of China at ~53 million before the revolt Trotsky, and was. Zones and borders 14 different countries, the Hundred years war, in modern-day Ningxia province ). emerged... Were both demoted Ji were both demoted Lushan Rebellion death toll is difficult to Estimate, but could locate... Rebellion 755 to 763 this is another Chinese Rebellion actions and subsequently took the title Taishang Huang ( Emperor. Specific facts about something that you just found out here even write one character in response to Emperor treated...: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth 's population terror on Soviet. Throughout the imperial title, An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan dynasty Jin and another son, An Lushan a. Borders 14 different countries, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture ending. Title, An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners sacking the capital city of.! To avoid capture thus ending the Rebellion Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I An... 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An inevitable process but it was not able to even write one in... Rebellion refers to a massive war that occurred in China on 16 December 755 to this... Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender but... Of water to drinking glass victory, An Lushan Rebellion death toll estimations based... Enlarged Jin, Wu was conquered by the Wei and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion not...
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