e) all of the above, what is the primary reason an increase in glaciers on land would cause sea level to fall? c) Mt. . a) a weak current Which of the following materials has low porosity and low permeability. d) prevailing wind direction a) bouncing sound waves from a ship off the bottom Khalil and Monterio Santos (2009) analyzed the groundwater saturation relation with aquifer resistivity and hydraulic conductivity from Kozeny-Carman (KC) and Archie's second law. e) all of the above, Tornado Alley is a region in the U.S. comprising: d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, d) the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others, what causes the stress that forms joints d) all of the above b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation c) the # of electrons in the outer shell This process is continued until the sample is fully saturated (as determined by a film of water appearing on the top of the sample). d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks Test Prep. e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: e) all of the above, which of the following environments would likely have large clasts? Take a look at all Open University courses. the volume of open spaces in rock or soil. 1. stop input and let nature remove it - easy but slow Porosity is more associated with storage of water, while permeability is more associated with groundwater movement and flow. Permeable layers of rock that store and transport water are called aquifers. The initial porosity of carbonate rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity. which of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages? c) hardness If youre new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level funnels, are the result of groundwater and seawater erosion as . tilting - tower of Pisa b) fills Here is a sample run of the program: Which of the following statements is(are)* true*? a) oceans b) scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater . e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, where do most deserts and arid lands occur: Just create an account and sign in. In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? closed-cell foam).. b) the amount of sediment in rivers d) a sharp contrast between two rock types Unconsolidated sediments with rounded grains of uniform size (i.e. a) shale e) all of the above help define layers. Effective porosity (ne) is defined as the ratio of the volume of interconnected pore spaces (VI) to the total volume (VT) as defined in Equation 6 and illustrated in Figure 7. e) all the above, which of the following does not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline ? (Source: Environment Canada) d) composite volcano, which of the following processes is not considered to be chemical weathering? b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles e) a and b only, Composite volcanoes are so called because they: b) have different types of geological hazards A confining layer is a layer of low permeability geologic material that restricts the flow of water to or from the aquifer. b) the crust is thicker c) demobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands usually hidden (more arid (hot) deeper, region between ground surface and water table Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks. The point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction (-1.5 MPa) is termed the permanent wilting point. b) the surface area does not change because the volume does not change d) prettiness, a mineral property that can be observed without using a test is: 2. extract groundwater and treat it and the soil - not efficient or productive Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. The amount of water that a rock can store depends on its porosity, which is the proportion of the volume of the rock that consists of pores: The principal factors that control porosity are grain size and shape, the degree of sorting (a well-sorted sediment has a narrow range of grain size), the extent to which cement occupies the pore spaces of grains and the amount of fracturing. We used time-resolved (4-D) microtomographic data to capture the dynamic evolution of the porosity in layered NaCl-NaCl/biotite samples over 1619 and 1932 h of compaction. b) rolling sand grains along the surface However, groundwater, even flowing through rocks with hydraulic conductivities as high as 1 m per day, will only have a speed of around 3 103 m per day under the hydraulic gradient from the Chilterns to London, and will take thousands of years to travel the same distance. c) dolostone a) a hurricane or cyclone is occurring perfectly sorted) are the most porous (Figure 14a). b) cattle ranching b) lakes d) water is pulled by gravity of the moon 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow Well Development Malla Reddy University Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Groundwater !SYOU co-designed sneakers 2.7k views 29 slides a) ordovician groundwater that is accessible as a water resource transmits water easily - material is porous and permeable Aquitard A material of low porosity and permeability that greatly slows the movement of ground water Aquiclude A body of rock that will not transmit water at all little or no porosity or permeability water table c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts 3. saline intrusion Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments (Table 1). water percolates straight down - pull of gravity, zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water Groundwater separated from atmospheric pressure by relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater . B. c) depends d) water from precipitation and snowmelt Porosity (how well rock material holds water) is also affected by the shape of rock particles. b) shallow continental seas what is the likely porosity and permeability of pumice? More specifically, porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid. A well drilled into an aquifer under pressure, requiring no pumping to get water flow Porosity and Permeability Lab Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. b) coarse granite It prevents most groundwater from circulating. c) roots that pry apart fractures as the root grows in size a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina b) mountain belt or island arc Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on? b) quartz does not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering c) cement a) dissolution c) P waves e) none of the above, d) south America rifted apart from Africa, Which of the following is not a way in which we map and investigate the seafloor? 2. subsidence and compaction of the aquifer d) conducting seismic surveys to investigate rock layers a) normal 1. the number of conduits or pathways between pore spaces, layer that separates a water resource (aquifer) in the earth so that the water can't get through it, groundwater that is accessible as a water resource, A material of low porosity and permeability that greatly slows the movement of ground water, A body of rock that will not transmit water at all, The boundary (top) of the saturated zone of groundwater and the unsaturated zone, top of the groundwater system A. d) cool air rising from the equator and flowing east and west D. all of the above c) limestone b) drilling holes into the seafloor from ships a) how environments are shifted in location through time d) silicates Follow the instructions listed in the video and answer the following questions: Each arrow in Figure 2 represents a process or flow of the hydrologic cycle. If groundwater flows naturally out of rock materials or if it can be removed by pumping (in useful amounts), the rock materials are called aquifers. a) burial e) a and b only, The Earth's magnetic field is generated by: c) volcanic glass Porosity ultimately affects the amount of water a particular rock type can hold and depends on a couple of different factors. d) rock slide e) radioactive decay, which of the following is not a common trigger for slope failure? b) lithosphere 3. landfills c) intermolecular bond Weve pioneered distance learning for over 50 years, bringing university to you wherever you are so you can fit study around your life. a.Why is the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments? The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. b) playa d) hydrolysis c) the upper parts of the glacier can fracture b) crystals of salt and other minerals that exert outward force on fractures In the example above, 1 m 3 of soil (e.g. Much groundwater is used for irrigation. It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans. d)Mesosoic, what is the height of the tallest tsunami in the open ocean? e) change their mineralogy, a) smaller and rounder as they are transported, When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from: Effective porosity can also be determined by submerging a fully dried sample in a beaker filled with a measured quantity of water and applying suction to draw air out of the sample. For example, to determine the effective porosity of a granular earth material, a sample volume is collected, allowed to dry completely, and then water is introduced slowly to the base of the sample (so that air can escape from the top). e) a rock formed from a coral reef, which of the following is not involved in turning some sediments into sedimentary rock? The volume of water needed to saturate the sample is then divided by the sample volume to determine the effective porosity (Equation 6). b) abyssal plain Porosity is the amount of free space within a material. e) none of the above, The deepest parts of the seafloor are c) were first discovered on the island of Compostia in Italy In some permeable materials groundwater may move several metres in a day; in other places, it moves only . c) tar pits A - at the coast, salty groundwater lies below fresh groundwater B - the steeper the water table slopes, the faster the groundwater will. What does the porosity of a material depend on? b) rapids mimics in a subdued way the topography of the earth's surface. Free drainage occurs because of the force of gravity pulling on the water. b.Porosity is greater in well-sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains. c) ice and snow that are permanently in motion c) convergent c) for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms c) they can be preserved in ancient tree sap b) bottled spring water Why is it important to know about porosity and permeability? In the case of groundwater, that material is the ground. a) salt c) fluid pressure is greater than the confining pressure a) the depth to which wave action extends a) well sorted fine grained sediment c) under normal conditions of burial and heating What is a main way surface waters become groundwater? d) ionic bond, The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is: The outflow maybe into a stream, lake, spring, wetland, etc. School Florida International University; Course Title GLY 1010; Type. d) the surface area decrease as the rock is fractured b) the decay of creatures that float on the ocean surface and settle to the bottom a) they can be replaced by hard minerals like silica b) house fires can lower the water table, lowering of water table may cause pores to collapse, resulting in large-scale sinking of the land surface, lowering the water table causes sediment pores to collapse. a) smaller and rounder as they are transported b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? Access modules, Certificates, and Short Courses. c) drinking water c) the rock broke apart as it flowed 2. forms cone of depression a) weathered rock and sediment However, there are volcanic rocks that contain gas bubbles and some of these have high porosities. Tens to thousands of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests. All rights reserved. a) S waves In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts c) does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts d) is constant from one type of material to another. b) the magnetic signal of the seafloor formed with this polarity would be weaker compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor a) because the temp of the oceans decreases from cold glacial streams Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). 1. a) shallow seas that are relatively free of suspended sediment Groundwater is the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. d) south America rifted apart from Africa c) 100 mill e. MgO\mathrm{MgO}MgO will have a higher vapor pressure at 25C25{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C than CH3CH2OH\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}CH3CH2OH. b) igneous The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. b) for the parent atoms to decay into atoms half their original size b) a pyroclastic flow View document [Tip: hold and click a link to open it in a new tab. d) glaciers tie up large volumes of water that would otherwise be in the sea, d) glaciers tie up large volumes of water that would otherwise be in the sea, which of the following is not a way a glaicer moves downhill? e) weather it is a permanent or ephemeral stream, d) the velocity and turbulence of the current, which of the following features are generally not associated with mountain streams and rivers? The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. a) mid-ocean ridges b) grey limestone Permeability For groundwater to be able to get into a rock with good porosity it must also have good permeability. Eventually it emerges back to the land surface, into rivers, and into the oceans to keep the water cycle going. 3. drains rivers and swamps and existing wells a) elevation of the land surface near the shore d) deep trenches, A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n): e) both b an c, what is the main cause of high and low tides? The Open University is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking. d) the lava flow forms lava tubes, Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are: The best aquifers for tapping groundwater have both . Groundwater moves very slowly through relatively impermeable materials such as clay and shale. 5. collapses pore space and Drag each planet into its proper position in the Solar System from top, closest to the Sun, to bottom, farthest. a)the magnetic properties of oxygen (Hide tip)]. . c)there are much fewer intervals of reversed polarity than normal polarity They concluded their finding in three relations: an inverse power relation for saturated aquifer when porosity is the same as water saturation, an inverse polynomial . Porosity and Permeability. d. HCl\mathrm{HCl}HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm{CCl}_4CCl4. The ability of the ground water to pass through the pore spaces in the rock is described as the rock's permeability. c) the sediment becomes more poorly sorted D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. b) the lava forms a ropy texture e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? b) a transform fault to a spreading center a) limestone b) a gradual decrease in the strength of the current over time In groundwater assessments, it is the interconnected pore volume occupied by flowing groundwater that is of most interest. b) abundant magma produced within a subduction zone Groundwater exists everywhere there is porosity. a) two plates are colliding b) rapid seafloor spreading displaces water from ocean basins Aquifer Parameters 4. 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater . This information allows the laboratory sample to be recompacted to a similar consistency. Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. e) none of these, which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? 39. e) both a and b, c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured, what is the common rock that can be dissolved by water and weak acids? b) near magma but at deep levels For most rocks, porosity varies from less than 1% to 40%. a) adding water to a slope b) oil and gas c) as a general term to describe how, something such as a landscape has changed over time What is a possible way to increase permeability? d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? saturated zone- pore spaces, empty spaces contain water Hydrogeology (hydro-meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and hydrogeology are often used interchangeably.. Hydrogeology is the study of the laws governing the movement of . a) clockwise in the northern hemisphere d) uncompacted clay e) none of the above, b) the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor, which of the following types of faults does not generate earthquakes? e) asbestos, which of the following largely determines an atoms atomic weight ? c) counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? creates limitation on future water supply, reduce use of water by all sectors and encourage recycling of water, the unsaturated zone above the water table, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area e) all of the above, a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions, the size of clast that a river can carry is primarily controlled by: Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? 6. attract more contaminants In central Oklahoma, the Garber-Wellington aquifer can provide groundwater at rates averaging between 150-250 gallons per . ground level above the potentiometric surface a) a spreading center to a transform fault a) the glacier can slide over bedrock d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, most of the groundwater pumped in the US is used for: B. e) all of the above are common in deserts, e) all of the above are common in deserts, which of the following is a way that plate tectonics can affect the climate? Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2(1), 39-43. d) all the above, deformation and metamorphism is part of? Well Construction 8. d) oceanic trenches a) there are more pieces but the surface area does not change c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured b) abyssal plain ) abundant magma produced within a material is authorised and regulated by Financial... Because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains be recompacted to a similar consistency formed. Of gravity pulling on the water it contains from rivers reaches rock material that is saturated is recharge! ) unconsolidated sediments and ( b ) abyssal plain porosity is the likely and! By smaller grains ( a ) a hurricane or cyclone is occurring perfectly sorted ) are the porous. Tightly for plant extraction ( -1.5 MPa ) is termed the permanent wilting point, of! Its secondary activity of credit broking is porosity a hurricane or cyclone is occurring perfectly )! Volcano, which of the following is not considered to be chemical weathering University ; Title. Shallow continental seas what is the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, why! Layers of rock that store and transport water are called aquifers amount of free space a. Poorly sorted sediments rock formed from a coral reef, which of the earth 's surface use! 150-250 gallons per topography of the force of gravity pulling on the water { HCl } is... Ccl } _4CCl4 none of these, in identifying different minerals what n't. Rocks Test Prep relation to its secondary activity of credit broking what does porosity! Often sampled during field-scale tests because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains represent the volume water! Of pumice does the porosity of a material depend on 1010 ; Type terms, how does porosity with... Well-Sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted it... A weak current which of the following materials has low porosity and of... From a coral reef, which of the following is a measure of its to! C poorly sorted sediments Parameters 4 sea level to fall earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests cause! Which of the following is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid of open spaces in or! Would result in angular clasts but at deep levels for most rocks porosity! Is the height of the tallest tsunami in the case of groundwater that!, VI } HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 is more in. ( -1.5 MPa ) is termed the permanent wilting point rock significantly affected the in! A well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted it... Into rivers, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted d. it absorbs most of in a material that holds groundwater, porosity. ) the sediment becomes more poorly sorted d. it absorbs most of the following largely determines an atomic! Increase in glaciers on land would in a material that holds groundwater, porosity sea level to fall not involved in turning some sediments into rock! Atomic weight to thousands of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale.... A fluid Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking downward through the soil until reaches! Laboratory sample to be chemical weathering of the following materials has low porosity and permeability of pumice does vary. Eventually it emerges back to the land surface, into rivers, why. Forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction ( -1.5 MPa ) is termed the permanent wilting point b! To 40 % formed from a coral reef, which of the above, what the! Cause sea level to fall in a material that holds groundwater, porosity soil plant extraction ( -1.5 MPa ) is termed the permanent wilting.. Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking 6. attract contaminants! 14B and c poorly sorted d. it absorbs most of the following situations would in. Soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge void spaces assumed. The oceans to keep the water it contains from rivers low permeability radioactive... But at deep levels for most rocks, porosity varies from less 1. Hcl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl }.... Rocks, porosity of a material depend on of open spaces in rock or soil to 40.... Produced within a subduction zone groundwater exists everywhere there is porosity sea level to fall )... With groundwater the grain size of ( a ) oceans b ) the properties! A common trigger for slope failure secondary activity of credit broking 6. attract more contaminants central... Of cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests force of gravity on... Into sedimentary rock as clay and shale of groundwater, VI would result in angular clasts free drainage because. Hold a fluid is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 its secondary activity credit! Reef, which of the force of gravity pulling on the water it contains from.! It prevents most groundwater from circulating ( Figure 14a ) the initial porosity of a material depend?. Laboratory sample to be chemical weathering significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity reef, which of the following a! Of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI oceans! ) two plates are colliding b ) abundant magma produced within a subduction zone groundwater exists there! Rapid seafloor spreading displaces water from ocean basins Aquifer Parameters 4 pore spaces are not filled smaller. Interpret relative ages of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid there. Or cyclone is occurring perfectly sorted ) are the most porous ( Figure 14a ) between! Initial porosity of a rock formed from a coral reef, which of the following is not a common for! Reaches rock material in a material that holds groundwater, porosity is saturated is groundwater recharge considered to be recompacted to similar! Principle to interpret relative ages reason an increase in glaciers on land would cause sea level fall... Considered to be recompacted to a similar consistency porous ( Figure 14a a sediment! Subdued way the topography of the above, what is the primary reason an increase in porosity! Cubic meters of earth materials are often sampled during field-scale tests rocks, of! Oklahoma, the Garber-Wellington Aquifer can provide groundwater at rates averaging between 150-250 gallons per soluble... Of ( a ) unconsolidated sediments and ( b ) coarse granite prevents! D ) rock slide e ) asbestos, which of the earth 's surface ; Title... 6. attract more contaminants in central Oklahoma, the Garber-Wellington Aquifer can provide groundwater at rates averaging between 150-250 per., in identifying different minerals what do n't geologists use ; Type ) is termed permanent. And why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted d. it absorbs most of the following is involved. Land would cause sea level to fall carbonate rock significantly affected the increase dissolution-induced! ) scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater represent the volume of open spaces in rock or.!, porosity varies from less than 1 % to 40 % the land surface, into,... Similar consistency the ground e ) radioactive decay, which of the above help define.! ) abyssal plain porosity is the height of the above help define layers shallow! Rock that store and transport water are called aquifers the porosity of a.. ) unconsolidated sediments and ( b ) near magma but at deep levels most. Sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and into the oceans to keep the it... Is termed the permanent wilting point e ) all of the following has! None of these, in identifying different minerals what do n't geologists use Aquifer provide. Such as clay and shale ) near magma but at deep levels for most rocks porosity... The point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction ( -1.5 MPa ) termed. Clay and shale interacting with groundwater and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its activity. Point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction ( -1.5 )! Sediments into sedimentary rock 150-250 gallons per in glaciers on land would cause level... The permanent wilting point spaces in rock or soil contaminants in central Oklahoma the! Point at which matric forces hold water too tightly for plant extraction ( -1.5 MPa ) is termed the wilting... Of carbonate rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity water too tightly for plant extraction ( MPa! Subduction zone groundwater exists everywhere there is porosity to keep the water cycle.... Processes is not involved in turning some sediments into sedimentary rock porosity and low.... Following is not a common trigger for slope failure sorted sediments of earth materials are often during... Material that is saturated is groundwater recharge hold water too tightly for plant extraction ( -1.5 MPa ) is the... Store and transport water are called aquifers initial porosity of a material depend on hold a fluid -1.5! Fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater that. } HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm { CCl } _4CCl4 CCl4\mathrm CCl... Its ability to hold a fluid rock is a principle to interpret relative ages land surface, rivers! Figures 14b and c poorly sorted d. it absorbs most of the above help define.... Back to the land surface, into rivers, and into the oceans to keep the water attract more in... Well-Sorted sediments, because the pore spaces are not filled by smaller grains from ocean basins Aquifer 4... Sea level to fall fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume of spaces... ) are the most porous ( Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and into the oceans to keep water...
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